Ode to a Keatsian Turn: Creating Meaningful and Poetic Instances of Rhetorical Forms

Linguistic creativity requires a marriage of form and content in which each works together to convey our meanings with concision, resonance and wit. Though form clearly influences and shapes our content, the most deft formal trickery cannot compensate for a lack of real insight. Before computers can be truly creative with language, we must first imbue them with the ability to formulate meanings that are worthy of creative expression. This is especially true of computer-generated poetry. If readers are to recognize a poetic turn-of-phrase as more than a superficial manipulation of words, they must perceive and connect with the meanings and the intent behind the words. So it is not enough for a computer to merely generate poemshaped texts; poems must be driven by conceits that build an affective worldview. This chapter describes a conceit-driven approach to computational poetry, in which metaphorical conceits are generated for a given topic and affective slant. Subtle inferences drawn from these conceits can then drive the process of poetry generation. In the same vein, we consider the problem of generating witty insights from the banal truisms of common-sense knowledge bases.